"OVERVIEW OF 2 SAMUEL"
Notes
Transcript
Review the themes –
Genesis – Beginnings
Exodus – Redemption and deliverance of Israel
Leviticus – Holiness
Numbers – Wanderings in the wilderness
Deuteronomy – Second law
Joshua – Conquer and Divide
Judges – Disobedience and defeat
Ruth – Kinsman Redeemer
1 Samuel – Kingdom determined
Background info –
As 1 Samuel begins, Israel was at a low point spiritually. The priesthood was corrupt (1 Sam. 2:12–17, 22–26), the ark of the covenant was not at the tabernacle (1 Sam. 4:3–7:2), idolatry was practiced (1 Sam. 7:3, 4), and the judges were dishonest (1 Sam. 8:2, 3). Through the influence of godly Samuel (1 Sam. 12:23) and David (1 Sam. 13:14), these conditions were reversed. Second Samuel concludes with the anger of the Lord being withdrawn from Israel (2 Sam. 24:25). MacArthur, J., Jr., ed. (1997). The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed., pp. 374–375). Word Pub.
Author – Unknown
Date - The story of David begins in First Samuel 16 and ends in First Kings 2. Second Samuel records the major events of David’s forty-year rule. His reign in Hebron begins in 1011 B.C. and ends in 1004 B.C. (5:5). His thirty-three year reign over the united Judah and Israel lasts from 1004 B.C. to 971 B.C. Wilkinson, B., & Boa, K. (1983). Talk thru the Bible (p. 78). T. Nelson.
Audience – Nation of Israel
Theme – “Kingdom Developed”
Key Verses -
12 “When your days are complete and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your descendant after you, who will come forth from you, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 “He shall build a house for My name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.
21 “The Lord has rewarded me according to my righteousness; According to the cleanness of my hands He has recompensed me.
Key chapter - 11
Of course, David’s life as recorded in chapters 1–10 is a far better portrayal of the future Messiah than is his life as it is seen in chapters 11–24. Sin mars potential. The closest way in which he foreshadows the coming King can be seen in the important covenant God makes with him (7:4–17). David wants to build a house for God; but instead, God makes a house for David. The same three promises of an eternal kingdom, throne, and seed are later given to Christ (Luke 1:32–33). There are nine different dynasties in the northern kingdom of Israel, but there is only one dynasty in Judah. The promise of a permanent dynasty is fulfilled in Christ, the “son of David” (Matt. 21:9; 22:45), who will sit upon the throne of David (see Is. 9:7; Luke 1:32). Wilkinson, B., & Boa, K. (1983). Talk thru the Bible (p. 79). T. Nelson.
By the grace of God we will come to see how the kingdom is being developed through David who is a “man after God’s own heart.”
Contemplation question – Why is David called a man after God’s own heart?
Review what has happened in 1 Samuel –
Theocracy to a monarchy
As we come to 2 Samuel this morning, we must understand a couple of things as we seek to uncover the big picture of the book –
Saul and Jonathan have both died – 1:1-10
2 Samuel 1:1–10 (NASB95)
1 Now it came about after the death of Saul, when David had returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, that David remained two days in Ziklag. 2 On the third day, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul, with his clothes torn and dust on his head. And it came about when he came to David that he fell to the ground and prostrated himself.
3 Then David said to him, “From where do you come?” And he said to him, “I have escaped from the camp of Israel.” 4 David said to him, “How did things go? Please tell me.” And he said, “The people have fled from the battle, and also many of the people have fallen and are dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.”
5 So David said to the young man who told him, “How do you know that Saul and his son Jonathan are dead?” 6 The young man who told him said, “By chance I happened to be on Mount Gilboa, and behold, Saul was leaning on his spear. And behold, the chariots and the horsemen pursued him closely.
7 “When he looked behind him, he saw me and called to me. And I said, ‘Here I am.’ 8 “He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ And I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’ 9 “Then he said to me, ‘Please stand beside me and kill me, for agony has seized me because my life still lingers in me.’
10 “So I stood beside him and killed him, because I knew that he could not live after he had fallen. And I took the crown which was on his head and the bracelet which was on his arm, and I have brought them here to my lord.”
The Amalekite reports to David what happened – 1:11-16
2 Samuel 1:11–16 (NASB95)
11 Then David took hold of his clothes and tore them, and so also did all the men who were with him. 12 They mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan and for the people of the Lord and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.
13 David said to the young man who told him, “Where are you from?” And he answered, “I am the son of an alien, an Amalekite.” 14 Then David said to him, “How is it you were not afraid to stretch out your hand to destroy the Lord’s anointed?”
15 And David called one of the young men and said, “Go, cut him down.” So he struck him and he died. 16 David said to him, “Your blood is on your head, for your mouth has testified against you, saying, ‘I have killed the Lord’s anointed.’ ”
He killed Saul
David responded by having him executed
Soon after the death of Saul, David the king-elect becomes monarch first over Judah (where he reigns with Hebron as his capital for seven and one-half years) and finally over all Israel (where he makes Jerusalem his capital and reigns for thirty-three years). Thus, Second Samuel chronicles the forty-year reign of the man who lived at the halfway point between Abraham and Christ—about 1000 B.C. David’s triumphs bring the nation to the very zenith of its power. But his dual sins of adultery and murder bring personal and national chastening from the Lord. Throughout his life, David seeks God zealously and confesses his sins promptly—actions befitting the one called by God “a man after My own heart” (Acts 13:22). Wilkinson, B., & Boa, K. (1983). Talk thru the Bible (p. 77). T. Nelson.
1. The victories of David’s kingship – 1-10
1. The victories of David’s kingship – 1-10
Transition from Saul to David -
2:1 – David asks the Lord what he should do
1 Then it came about afterwards that David inquired of the Lord, saying, “Shall I go up to one of the cities of Judah?” And the Lord said to him, “Go up.” So David said, “Where shall I go up?” And He said, “To Hebron.”
2:4-7 – David is anointed as king over Judah
2 Samuel 2:4–7 (NASB95)
4 Then the men of Judah came and there anointed David king over the house of Judah. And they told David, saying, “It was the men of Jabesh-gilead who buried Saul.” 5 David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead, and said to them, “May you be blessed of the Lord because you have shown this kindness to Saul your lord, and have buried him.
6 “Now may the Lord show lovingkindness and truth to you; and I also will show this goodness to you, because you have done this thing. 7 “Now therefore, let your hands be strong and be valiant; for Saul your lord is dead, and also the house of Judah has anointed me king over them.”
Judah is the southern Kingdom (down)
Israel is the northern Kingdom (up)
2:8-11 – David is king over Judah and Ish-bosheth (sauls son) is king over Israel
2 Samuel 2:8–11 (NASB95)
8 But Abner the son of Ner, commander of Saul’s army, had taken Ish-bosheth the son of Saul and brought him over to Mahanaim. 9 He made him king over Gilead, over the Ashurites, over Jezreel, over Ephraim, and over Benjamin, even over all Israel.
10 Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he became king over Israel, and he was king for two years. The house of Judah, however, followed David. 11 The time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
Joab – David’s commander
Abner – Saul’s commander
2:12-17 – Battle at Gibeon – the two armies compete –
2 Samuel 2:12–17 (NASB95)
12 Now Abner the son of Ner, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon with the servants of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul. 13 And Joab the son of Zeruiah and the servants of David went out and met them by the pool of Gibeon; and they sat down, one on the one side of the pool and the other on the other side of the pool.
14 Then Abner said to Joab, “Now let the young men arise and hold a contest before us.” And Joab said, “Let them arise.” 15 So they arose and went over by count, twelve for Benjamin and Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David.
16 Each one of them seized his opponent by the head and thrust his sword in his opponent’s side; so they fell down together. Therefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon. 17 That day the battle was very severe, and Abner and the men of Israel were beaten before the servants of David.
David’s army wins
Continual battle continues among Israel and Judah
In fact – Abner kills Joab’s brother Asahel
Promises that David will be king over Israel –
1 Sam 23:17 – Says that David will be king over Israel
17 Thus he said to him, “Do not be afraid, because the hand of Saul my father will not find you, and you will be king over Israel and I will be next to you; and Saul my father knows that also.”
David is not yet king over all Israel –
But he knows that God will do as He says –
3:1 – we see how God continues to work out His plan
1 Now there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David; and David grew steadily stronger, but the house of Saul grew weaker continually.
Ultimately David is going to be king over Judah and Israel
God uses David b/c of his faithfulness to the Lord -
Joab becomes mad at Abner for killing his brother – the fact is he takes revenge on Abner by killing him –
David’s response to Abner’s actions – 3:31,38-39
31 Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your clothes and gird on sackcloth and lament before Abner.” And King David walked behind the bier.
38 Then the king said to his servants, “Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 39 “I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too difficult for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil.”
4 – Ish-bosheth murdered by his own men
The men who killed him thought that they are doing what is right b/c David is going to be king
David confronts them for their actions – 4:9-10
9 David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said to them, “As the Lord lives, who has redeemed my life from all distress, 10 when one told me, saying, ‘Behold, Saul is dead,’ and thought he was bringing good news, I seized him and killed him in Ziklag, which was the reward I gave him for his news.
These men are killed for their actions
The climax of the promise in 2 Samuel - 5:3 – David is anointed king over Israel
3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, and King David made a covenant with them before the Lord at Hebron; then they anointed David king over Israel.
God continues to give him great victories b/c of his faithfulness –
Defeats the Philistines – 5:17
17 When the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek out David; and when David heard of it, he went down to the stronghold.
7:8-12 – Davidic covenant
2 Samuel 7:8–12 (NASB95)
8 “Now therefore, thus you shall say to My servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts, “I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, to be ruler over My people Israel. 9 “I have been with you wherever you have gone and have cut off all your enemies from before you; and I will make you a great name, like the names of the great men who are on the earth.
10 “I will also appoint a place for My people Israel and will plant them, that they may live in their own place and not be disturbed again, nor will the wicked afflict them any more as formerly,
11 even from the day that I commanded judges to be over My people Israel; and I will give you rest from all your enemies. The Lord also declares to you that the Lord will make a house for you. 12 “When your days are complete and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your descendant after you, who will come forth from you, and I will establish his kingdom.
8 – 10 – provides us with an abundance of victories that God has provided to David
As David remains faithful to the Lord – He (God) continues to provide these great victories for him. The kingdom is being developed for the glory of God b/c David is being faithful to the Lord –
2. The failures of David’s kingship - 11
2. The failures of David’s kingship - 11
2 Samuel 11:1–5 (NASB95)
1 Then it happened in the spring, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab and his servants with him and all Israel, and they destroyed the sons of Ammon and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. 2 Now when evening came David arose from his bed and walked around on the roof of the king’s house, and from the roof he saw a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful in appearance.
3 So David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, “Is this not Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?” 4 David sent messengers and took her, and when she came to him, he lay with her; and when she had purified herself from her uncleanness, she returned to her house. 5 The woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, “I am pregnant.”
Commits Adultery
This major battle is taking place
David did not go to the battle field
Sin with Bathsheba
Finds out that she is pregnant
David begins to scramble
David tells Joab his commander to have Uriah come home
David’s point in doing this is simply to try to cover up his sin
David who is man after God’s own heart has fall into this sin –
David’s Response – 12:13
13 Then David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord.” And Nathan said to David, “The Lord also has taken away your sin; you shall not die.
Murders Uriah
He then tells Joab to put Uriah in the most dangerous position on the battle field – the point of doing this was to endanger Uriah’s life 11:14-15
14 Now in the morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it by the hand of Uriah. 15 He had written in the letter, saying, “Place Uriah in the front line of the fiercest battle and withdraw from him, so that he may be struck down and die.”
11:16-20 – the outcome – Uriah dies
2 Samuel 11:16–20 (NASB95)
16 So it was as Joab kept watch on the city, that he put Uriah at the place where he knew there were valiant men. 17 The men of the city went out and fought against Joab, and some of the people among David’s servants fell; and Uriah the Hittite also died.
18 Then Joab sent and reported to David all the events of the war. 19 He charged the messenger, saying, “When you have finished telling all the events of the war to the king, 20 and if it happens that the king’s wrath rises and he says to you, ‘Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Did you not know that they would shoot from the wall?
The fact is David continued to dig himself deeper into a hole –
David was guilty of Adultery now he is guilty of murder
David’s Response – 12:13
Takes a Census – problem his motives were wrong 24
The problem with the census is that David most likely was taking pride in his own efforts rather than what God was doing – (in the previous chapters we see how God has given David these great victories)
David’s response when confronted – 24:10 –
10 Now David’s heart troubled him after he had numbered the people. So David said to the Lord, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done. But now, O Lord, please take away the iniquity of Your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.”
Morning for Absalom – 19:1-7
2 Samuel 19:1–7 (NASB95)
1 Then it was told Joab, “Behold, the king is weeping and mourns for Absalom.” 2 The victory that day was turned to mourning for all the people, for the people heard it said that day, “The king is grieved for his son.”
3 So the people went by stealth into the city that day, as people who are humiliated steal away when they flee in battle. 4 The king covered his face and cried out with a loud voice, “O my son Absalom, O Absalom, my son, my son!”
5 Then Joab came into the house to the king and said, “Today you have covered with shame the faces of all your servants, who today have saved your life and the lives of your sons and daughters, the lives of your wives, and the lives of your concubines,
6 by loving those who hate you, and by hating those who love you. For you have shown today that princes and servants are nothing to you; for I know this day that if Absalom were alive and all of us were dead today, then you would be pleased.
7 “Now therefore arise, go out and speak kindly to your servants, for I swear by the Lord, if you do not go out, surely not a man will pass the night with you, and this will be worse for you than all the evil that has come upon you from your youth until now.”
The pattern that David followed was this –
Rebuked for the sin
Confessed
Repented
Accepted responsibility for the consequences
3. The consequences of David’s kingship – 12-24
3. The consequences of David’s kingship – 12-24
12:10-12 – Evil continually among you and your fam
10 ‘Now therefore, the sword shall never depart from your house, because you have despised Me and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.’ 11 “Thus says the Lord, ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you from your own household; I will even take your wives before your eyes and give them to your companion, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight. 12 ‘Indeed you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and under the sun.’ ”
12:14 - Baby dies
14 “However, because by this deed you have given occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme, the child also that is born to you shall surely die.”
13 - His son Amnon commits incest with Tamar
13:23 - Absalom his son murders Ammon
23 Now it came about after two full years that Absalom had sheepshearers in Baal-hazor, which is near Ephraim, and Absalom invited all the king’s sons.
15 - Absalom’s rebellion against David
24:11-14 – Pestilence – disease
2 Samuel 24:11–14 (NASB95)
11 When David arose in the morning, the word of the Lord came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying, 12 “Go and speak to David, ‘Thus the Lord says, “I am offering you three things; choose for yourself one of them, which I will do to you.” ’ ”
13 So Gad came to David and told him, and said to him, “Shall seven years of famine come to you in your land? Or will you flee three months before your foes while they pursue you? Or shall there be three days’ pestilence in your land? Now consider and see what answer I shall return to Him who sent me.” 14 Then David said to Gad, “I am in great distress. Let us now fall into the hand of the Lord for His mercies are great, but do not let me fall into the hand of man.”
Why is David called a man after God’s own heart?
SO WHAT??
What stage of life are you in right now?
Faithful to the Lord and his word
Failing the Lord by living for yourself
Experiencing consequences for your sin against the Lord